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The endometrium is the name of the tissue that lines your uterus (womb).
Endometriosis is a condition where tissue, like the endometrium, grows in other parts of the body. Usually these growths occur inside the pelvic cavity in places such as the ovaries, bowel, or a lining of the pelvic cavity and abdomen called the peritoneum. Each month, as the endometrial lining of the uterus builds up with blood that will be lost during your period, these other growths of endometrial tissue get bigger and can bleed and cause inflammation and adhesions (internal scarring). Some women with this condition do not have many symptoms, whereas others suffer severe pain with periods, pain with ovulation, pain during intercourse and bowel motions, bloating, tiredness and infertility. Treatment includes medication that will help control the pain and inflammation, surgery to remove the tissue growths and fertility management.

A person with urinary incontinence is unable to control the release of urine from their bladder. This may be an occasional leakage or a complete inability to hold on to their urine. Women experience incontinence more often than men, and this may result from muscle damage during pregnancy and childbirth or the changes associated with menopause. The most common type of urinary incontinence in women is stress incontinence. This is when urine leaks out when movements, such as coughing, laughing or sneezing put pressure on the bladder. The treatment of urinary incontinence will depend on the cause of the problem, but may include exercises, medication or surgery.

This is continuing pain in the lower abdomen or pelvis on a daily basis that lasts 3 months or longer. This can be caused by variety of conditions such as Endometriosis, adhesions, pelvic inflammatory disease, issues with gastrointestinal tract such Irritable bowel syndrome, nerve entrapment and musculoskeletal pain. Treatment involves a multi-disciplinary approach.

If the uterus (womb) or bladder slips out of position, this is referred to as a prolapse. It is caused when the supporting fascia and ligaments or pelvis become weak, allowing a part of the uterus or bladder to bulge into the vagina. The most common reason for prolapse are childbirth, menopause, heavy lifting, constipation and genetic factors. Symptoms include pain, heaviness in the vaginal area and a frequent need to pass urine. In mild cases, exercises may help improve the symptoms, but women with more severe prolapses may need to have surgery.

Heavy menstrual bleeding is a common condition affecting one in five women. The diagnosis is made on the basis of following symptoms: usual increase in menstrual blood loss, menstrual bleeding longer than 7 days, frequent flooding or blood loss not contained by pads or tampons, increase in number of times to change pads or tampons (more than every 4 hours or more than once during the night), passing blood clots wider than 3cm, and iron deficiency anaemia. Treatment includes hormone treatment, medications to stop the bleeding, uterine ablation and hysterectomy.

Fibroids are noncancerous growths or tumours on the muscular part of the uterus (womb); sometimes they are also called myomas. Fibroids may be very small (about 5mm) or can grow to be quite large (10-15cm). They can be single or multiple, located on the surface of the uterus or inside it. Many women with fibroids do not notice any symptoms and will not need treatment, whereas others may experience problems such as painful and heavy periods, pressure symptoms and infertility. Treatment includes medication to shrink the fibroids and, in some women, surgical removal.

Cervical dysplasia is the growth of abnormal cells around the cervix (entrance to the uterus). Although this condition is not cancer there is a small risk that these cells could become cancerous.
Sometimes no treatment is needed as the condition may improve by itself. For more severe dysplasia, treatment involves checking the cervix under magnification (colposcopy) and removing the abnormal cells by wire loop excision.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that can cause you to have a variety of symptoms, including no periods or irregular periods, increased hair growth on the face and body, acne (pimples) and increased bodyweight. PCOS is also one of the main causes of infertility in women. The ovaries of women with PCOS often contain many small cysts (fluid-filled sacs), but this does not seem to be the cause of the condition. For women who have not reached menopause, the most common treatment is the birth control pill, which will regulate your periods. For women trying for a baby, ovulation induction with medication is sometimes required.

IUCD Insertion

Cervical or Vault Smear

Routine Gynaecological Check

Hormone Replacement Therapy

Contraception Options Discussion